Calculation
Cap rate (%) = (Net Operating Income ÷ Property Value) × 100. NOI typically excludes debt service, income taxes, and depreciation.
Use consistent NOI definitions when comparing properties. Pro forma NOI may differ from trailing actuals.
Interpretation
Higher cap rates often imply higher perceived risk or lower growth expectations. Market cap rates vary by location, asset class, and condition.
Cap rate analysis does not replace discounted cash flow modeling when financing, renovations, or hold periods matter.
Key takeaways
- Cap rate links NOI to property value as a yield metric.
- NOI definition must be consistent across comparisons.
- Financing and tax effects are excluded from standard cap rate.
Related calculators
Apply these concepts with formula-based tools on Calculator Factory.
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- Real EstateReal Estate Cash Flow Calculator
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FAQ
- Does cap rate include mortgage payments?
- No. Standard cap rate uses unlevered NOI before debt service. Levered returns require separate cash-on-cash or IRR analysis.